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1335 Mechanical clocks invented 1346 Cannon invented 1454 Gutenberg invents printing press 1492 Columbus discovers America 1504 First watch invented 1542 Amazon River explored 1543 Scientific Revolution 1545 Surgery improved; negative numbers 1556 Science of Mineralogy founded 1581 Pendulum movement studied 1583 Science of Hydrostatics founded 1586 Decimal fractions 1589 Experiments on falling bodies--Gravity 1590 Microscope invented 1592 Thermometer invented 1597 First chemical textbook 1620 Stagecoach invented; Scientific method 1628 Science of Physiology founded 1637 Analytic Geometry founded 1642 Adding machine invented 1643 First barometer 1654 Probability Theory 1658 Red corpuscles discovered 1662 Boyle's law asserted 1664 Jupiter's great red spot observed 1665 Cells discovered 1666 Light spectrum discovered 1668 Law of conservation of momentum stated 1669 Brain parts described; Moon & Sun size estimated; First major lighthouse 1675 Speed of light calculated 1676 Microorganisms seen 1681 Dodo bird becomes extinct 1682 Plant reproduction described 1683 Bacteria discovered 1686 Meteorological map created; Modern plant classification 1687 Newton's laws of motion; Law of universal gravitation 1691 Modern Animal Classification 1698 Steam powered pump 1700 Binary number system 1705 Return of Halley's comet predicted 1709 Iron smelting begins 1710 Rifle designed 1713 Smallpox inoculation begins 1728 First book on dentistry 1729 Electrical conductors and insulators defined 1736 First book on Mechanics 1737 Cobalt discovered 1742 Franklin stove invented 1747 Cure for scurvy found 1751 First modern encyclopedia edited by Denis Diderot 1752 Chemical action of digestion proved 1755 Concept of galaxies 1759 Science of embryology founded 1760 Science of seismology founded 1763 Pollination studied 1766 Science of neurology founded 1768 Carbonated water created 1769 Quantitative studies accelerate 1774 Oxygen discovered 1776 Science of Physical Anthropology founded 1778 Hawaiian Islands discovered 1779 Plant photosynthesis described, human fertilization studied 1781 The Industrial Revolution; Key improvement to steam engine made; Science of Crystallography founded 1784 Hydrogen and oxygen discovered to form water 1787 First workable steamboat 1793 Cotton gin invented 1795 Food canning process developed 1800 Electric battery invented; infrared radiation discovered, gas lighting developed 1801 Ultraviolet radiation discovered; first asteroid discovered; invertebrates classified 1804 Steam locomotive railroad demonstrated 1806 Amino acids discovered 1809 Science of aerodynamics founded 1811 Avogadro's number stated 1812 Science of paleontology founded 1816 Stethoscope invented 1820 Electromagnetism discovered 1822 Iguanodon fossil found 1824 Science of thermodynamics founded; Portland cement invented 1825 Aluminum discovered 1827 Ohm's law stated; Foods classified into protein, fat, carbohydrates, Screw propeller invented 1831 Friction matches invented; Cell nucleus recognized; electric generator and electric motor invented 1834 McCormick patents first mechanical reaper 1835 Revolver patented 1838 Morse code developed 1839 First bicycle; photography invented 1840 Science of thermochemistry founded 1842 Chemical fertilizer invented 1846 Sewing machine patented 1855 Synthetic plastic and Seismograph invented 1858 Theory of Evolution by natural selection explained 1859 First oil well 1860 Internal combustion engine developed 1862 Germ theory of disease explained 1862 Machine gun invented 1865 Science of genetics founded 1867 Modern typewriter invented 1868 Deep sea life discovered 1869 Periodic table of the elements developed; Science of biogeography founded; Stock ticker invented 1872 Science of Bacteriology founded 1876 Telephone patented 1877 Phonograph patented 1879 Electric light invented 1880 Cause of malaria discovered 1881 Venn diagram proposed 1884 Cocaine used as anesthetic; fountain pen invented 1885 Individuality of fingerprints established; gasoline-powered automobile invented 1887 Rubber tire invented 1888 Radio waves detected; Chromosomes named 1889 Motion pictures invented; cause of tetanus isolated 1891 Electron theory of electricity stated 1893 Theory of psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud stated 1895 Radio antennas invented 1896 Science of architectural acoustics founded 1897 Oscilloscope invented; first sub-atomic particle discovered 1898 First modern submarine; Krypton discovered; mitochondria identified 1900 Dirigible invented; gamma rays discovered; blood typing begins; radioactivity explained 1901 Radio invented 1902 Stratosphere and troposphere identified 1903 First airplane flight |
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